Cardiovascular Disorders

Angina, Stable

Fihn SD, Gardin JM, Abrams J, et al. (2012). 2012 ACCF/AHA/ACP/AATS/PCNA/SCAI/STS Guideline for the Diagnosis and Management of Patients with Stable Ischemic Heart Disease: Executive Summary: A Report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines, and the American College of Physicians, American Association for Thoracic Surgery, Preventive Cardiovascular Nurses Association, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, and Society of Thoracic Surgeons. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 60(24):2564-2603. Retrieved Feb. 18, 2018, from: https://doi.org/10.1161/CIR.0b013e318277d6a0

Goff, D. C., Lloyd-Jones, D. M., Bennett, G., et al. (2014). 2013 ACC/AHA guideline on the assessment of cardiovascular risk: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 63. Retrieved Feb. 18, 2018, from: http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/early/2013/11/11/01.cir.0000437741.48606.98

Magnus Ohman, M.B. (2016). Chronic Stable Angina. New England Journal of Medicine. 374:1167-1176. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMcp1502240

Michael A. Chen. (2018). Stable Angina. Medline Plus. Retrieved Feb. 18, 2018, from: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000198.htm

National Institute for Healthcare Excellence. (2011). Stable Angina: Management. Retrieved Feb. 18, 2018, from: https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg126/resources/stable-angina-management-35109453262021

Wee, Y. (2015). Medical Management of Chronic Unstable Angina. Australian Prescriber. 38(4):131-136. Retrieved Feb. 18, 2018, from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4653970/

Anticoagulation

American Geriatrics Society 2015 Updated Beers Criteria Update Expert Panel. (2015). American Geriatrics Society 2015 Updated Beers Criteria for Potentially Inappropriate Medication Use in Older Adults. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 63(11), 2227-2246. doi: 10.1111/jgs.13702

Barnes, G. D., Lucas, E., Alexander, G. C., & Goldberger, Z. D. (2015). National trends in ambulatory oral anticoagulant use. The American Journal of Medicine, 128(12), 1300-1305.

Bauer, K. A. (2017). Use of anticoagulants in pregnancy and postpartum. UpToDate. Retrieved Feb. 18, 2018, from: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/use-of-anticoagulants-during-pregnancy-and-postpartum

Hull, R. D. & Garcia, D. A. (2017). Management of warfarin-associated bleeding and supra therapeutic INR. UpToDate. Retrieved Feb. 18, 2018, from: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/management-of-warfarin-associated-bleeding-or-supratherapeutic-inr

Hull, R. D., Garcia, D. A. & Vasquez, S. R. (2017). Biology of warfarin and modulators or INR control. UpToDate, Retrieved Feb. 18, 2018, from: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/biology-of-warfarin-and-modulators-of-inr-control

Kearon, C., Akl, E. A., Ornelas, J., Blaivas, A., Jimenez, D., Bounameaux, H., Huisman, M., Moores, L. (2016). Antithrombotic therapy for VTE disease: CHEST guideline and expert panel report. CHEST, 149(2), 315-352.

Lip, G., Douketis, J., (2017). Perioperative management of patients receiving anticoagulants. UpToDate. Retrieved Feb. 18, 2018, from: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/perioperative-management-of-patients-receiving-anticoagulants

Metzger, A., Nagaraj, T. (2015). New oral anticoagulants: Clinical parameters and uses in practice. Consult Pharmacology, 30 (6). 329-45.

Napolitano, M., Schmaier, A. H. & Kessler (2016). Coagulation and fibrinolysis. In T. L. Ortel (Ed.), Henry’s Clinical Diagnosis and Management by Laboratory Methods. 23rd edition. Philadelphia: Elsevier.

Nelson-Piercy, C. (2017). Management of antithrombotic therapy for prostetic heart valve during pregnancy, UpToDate. Retrieved Feb. 18, 2018: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/management-of-antithrombotic-therapy-for-a-prosthetic-heart-valve-during-pregnancy

Ortel, T. L. (2017). Antithrombotic therapy. In Henry’s Clinical Diagnosis and Management by Laboratory Methods, 23rd ed. Chapter 42, 842-853.e2. Philadelphia; Elsevier.

Piazza G., Hohlfelder B., Goldhaber S.Z. (2018). Overview and epidemiology of venous thromboembolism. In: Handbook for Venous Thromboembolism. Wiley.

Renoux, C, Patenaude, V, Suissa, S. (2014). Incidence, mortality, and sex differences of non-valvular atrial fibrillation: A population-based study. Journal of the American Heart Association, 3(6): e001402. doi.org/10.1161/JAHA.114.0001402

Rohenmacher, S.J. & Fang, J.C. (2015). Bridging anticoagulation: Primum Non Nocere. Journal of American College of Cardiology, 66(12). Doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2015.08.002

Unger, E.F. (2015). Atrial fibrillation, oral anticoagulant drugs, and their reversal agents. Retrieved Feb. 18, 2018, from: http://www.fda.gov/drugs/newsevents/ucm467203.htm

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2017). Venous thromboembolism (blood clots). Retrieved Feb. 18, 2018, from: https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/dvt/data.html

Wilber, J. Shian, B. (2017). Deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism: Current therapy. American Family Physician, 95(5), 295-302.

Atrial Fibrillation

Al-Khatib, S.M., Allen Lapointe, N., Chatterjee, R., et al. (2013). Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation. Comparative Effectiveness Review 119. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. Retrieved Feb. 14, 2018, from: https://www.pcori.org/sites/default/files/PCORI-Executive-Summary-Treatment-of-Atrial-Fibrillation-120716.pdf

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2015) Atrial Fibrillation Fact Sheet. Retrieved Feb. 14, 2018, from: https://www.cdc.gov/dhdsp/data_statistics/fact_sheets/fs_atrial_fibrillation.htm

January, C. T., Wann, L. S., Alpert, J. S., et al. (2014). 2014 AHA/ACC/HRS Guideline for the Management of Patients with Atrial Fibrillation: Executive Summary: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines and the Heart Rhythm Society. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 64(21), 2246-80.

Kovacs, R. J., Flaker, G. C., Saxonhouse, et al. (2015). Practical management of anticoagulation in patients with atrial fibrillation. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 65(13), 1340–60.

Loyd-Jones, D. (2017). Beyond the Numbers: Epidemiology and Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation. Retrieved Feb. 14, 2018, from: http://www.medscape.org/viewarticle/494006

Rosenthal, L. (2017) Atrial Fibrillation Guidelines. Retrieved Feb. 14, 2018, from: http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/151066-guidelines

Wilke, T., Groth, A., Mueller, S., Pfannkucke, M., Verheyen, F., Linder, R., Bauersachs, R., Breithardt, G. (2013). Incidence and Prevalence of Atrial Fibrillation. Europace 15(4): 486-493.

Congenital Heart Disease

Altman, C. (2016). Identifying newborns with critical congenital heart disease. UpToDate. Retrieved Feb. 1, 2018, from http://www.uptodate.com/contents/identifying-newborns-with-critical-congenital-heart-disease

American Heart Association (2014). Medications for Arrhythmia. Retrieved Feb. 1, 2018, from: http://www.heart.org/HEARTORG/Conditions/Arrhythmia/PreventionTreatmentofArrhythmia/Medications-for-Arrhythmia_UCM_301990_Article.jsp

American Heart Association (2014). The Impact of Congenital Heart Defects. Retrieved Feb. 1, 2018, from: http://www.heart.org/HEARTORG/Conditions/CongenitalHeartDefects/TheImpactofCongenitalHeartDefects/The-Impact-of-Congenital-Heart-Defects_UCM_001218_Article.jsp

Bickley, L.S., & Szilagyi, P.G. (2011). Bates' Guide to Physical Examination and History Taking. 11th edition. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

Bonow, R. O., Carabello, B. A., Chatterjee, K., de Leon, A. C., Jr., Faxon, D. P., Freed, M. D., Shanewise, J. S., et al. (2008). 2008 Focused Update Incorporated Into the ACC/AHA 2006 Guideline for the Management of Patients with Valvular Heart Disease. A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. Circulation, 118(15), e523-661.

Burns, C.E., Brady, M.A., Blosser, C., Starr, N.B., & Dunn, A.M. (2016). Pediatric Primary Care: A handbook for nurse practitioners. 6th edition. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2016). Congenital Heart Defects (CHDs). Retrieved Feb. 1, 2018, from: https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/heartdefects/data.html

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2016). Facts about Atrioventricular Septal Defect (AVSD). Division of Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities. Retrieved Feb. 1, 2018, from: http://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/heartdefects/avsd.html

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2016). Facts about Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome. Division of birth defects and developmental disabilities. Retrieved Feb. 1, 2018, from: http://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/heartdefects/HLHS.html

Domino, F., Baldor, R., Golding, J., Grimes, J., & Taylor, J. (2018). The 5-Minute Clinical Consult 2018. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

Food and Drug Administration (2014). FDA drug safety communication: FDA clarifies warning about pediatric use of Revatio (sildenafil) for pulmonary arterial hypertension. FDA Drug Safety Communication. Retrieved Feb. 1, 2018, from: http://www.fda.gov/Drugs/DrugSafety/ucm390876.htm

Frank, E., & Jacobe, K. (2011). Evaluation and Management of Heart Murmurs in Children. American Family Physician, 84(7), 793-800.

Hom, L.A., Martin, G.R. (2016). Newborn Critical Congenital Heart Disease Screening Using Pulse Oximetry: Nursing Aspects. Am J Perinatol, 33(11):1072-5. doi: 10.1055/s-0036-1586108.

Hunt, S. A., Abraham, W. T., Chin, M. H., Feldman, A. M., Francis, G. S., Ganiats, T. G., Yancy, C. W., et al. (2009). 2009 Focused Update Incorporated into the ACC/AHA 2005 Guideline for the Diagnosis and Management of Heart Failure in Adults. A report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines: Developed in collaboration with the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation. Circulation, 119(14), e391-479.

Mayo Clinic Staff. (2015). Heart murmurs. Prevention. Retrieved Feb. 1, 2018, from: http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/heart-murmurs/basics/prevention/con-20028706

Nishimura, R.A., Otto, C.M., Bonow, R.O., et al. (2014). AHA/ACC Guideline for the Management of Patients with Valvular Heart Disease: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. Circulation, 129:000-000. Retrieved Feb. 1, 2018, from https://guideline.gov/summaries/summary/48267

Ren, X., Cannistra, L. B. (2012). Pulmonic Stenosis Clinical Presentation. Medscape. Retrieved Feb. 1, 2018, from: http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/157737-clinical

Rodriguez-Cruz, E., Aggarwal, S., & Delius, R. E. (2015). Pulmonary Atresia with Ventricular Septal Defect. Medscape. Retrieved Feb. 1, 2018, from: http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/905119-overview#a0112

Warnes, C., Williams, R. (2008). ACC/AHA 2008 Guidelines for the Management of Adults with Congenital Heart Disease. 118:2395-2451. Retrieved Feb. 1, 2018, from https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.190811

Wilson, W., Taubert, K. A., Gewitz, M., Lockhart, P. B., Baddour, L. M., Levison, M., Durack, D. T., et al. (2007). Prevention of Infective Endocarditis: Guidelines from the American Heart Association: A Guideline from the American Heart Association Rheumatic Fever, Endocarditis, and Kawasaki Disease Committee, Council on Cardiovascular Disease in The Young, and the Council on Clinical Cardiology, Council on Cardiovascular Surgery and Anesthesia, and The Quality of Care and Outcomes Research Interdisciplinary Working Group. Circulation, 116(15), 1736-1754.

Windle, M. (2018). Antibiotic Prophylactic Regimens for Endocarditis. Medscape. Retrieved Feb. 1, 2018, from: http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1672902-overview#a30

Deep Vein Thrombosis

Barnes, G.D. (2016.) Antithrombotic Therapy for VTE Disease: CHEST Guideline and Expert Panel Report. Chest 149, 315-352.

Bauer, K.A., (2016). Approach to the diagnosis and therapy of lower extremity deep vein thrombosis. UpToDate. Retrieved Dec. 6, 2017, from www.uptodate.com

Beckman, M., G., Hooper, C., Critchley, S. E., & Ortel, T. L. (2010). Venous thromboembolism: A public health concern. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 38(4S), S495-S501, Doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2009.12.0017

Menaka, P., Douketic, J.D. (2017.) Patient education: Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) (Beyond the Basics). Retrieved Dec. 6, 2017, from www.uptodate.com

Wilbur, J. & Shian, B. (2012). Diagnosis of deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. American Family Physician, 86(10), 913-919.

Heart Failure

American Geriatrics Society 2015 Beers Criteria Update Panel. (2015). 2015 Updated Beers Criteria for Potentially Inappropriate Medication Use in Older Adults. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 63(11): 2227-2246. DOI: 10.1111/jgs.13702

American Heart Association (2016). Get with the Guideline HF Patient Management tool. Retrieved Feb. 13, 2018, from: http://www.heart.org/idc/groups/heart-public/@private/@wcm/@hcm/@gwtg/documents/downloadable/ucm_457483.pdf

Chow, S.L., Maisel, A.S., Anand, I., Bozkurt, B., de Boer, R.A., Felker, M., Fonarow, G.C., Greenberg, B., Januzzi, J.L., Kiernan, M.S., Liu, P.P., Wang, T.J., Yancy, C.W., Zile, M.R. (2017). Role of Biomarkers for the Prevention, Assessment, and Management of Heart Failure: A Scientific Statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 135:e1054-e1091. Retrieved Feb. 13, 2018, from: https://doi.org/10.1161/CIR.0000000000000490

Dumitru, I. (2017). Heart Failure Medication. Medscape. Retrieved Feb. 13, 2018, from: http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/163062-medication#16

Cole, G.D., Patel, S.J., Zaman, H., et al. (2014). “Triple Therapy” of Heart Failure with Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor, Beta-Blocker, and Aldosterone Antagonist May Triple Survival Time. JACC Heart Failure. 2(3): 545-548.

Farag, M., Mabote, T., Shoaib, A., Zhang, J., Nabhan, A.F., Clark, A.L., Cleland, J.G. (2015). Hydralazine and nitrates alone or combined for the management of chronic heart failure: A systematic review. International Journal of Cardiology. 196:61-69. Doi: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.05.160

Mozzafarian D, Benjamin EJ, Go AS, et al. on behalf of the American Heart Association Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee. (2016). Heart disease and stroke statistics—2016 update: a report from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2016; 133:e38-e360.

Yancy C.W., Jessup, M., Bozkurt, B. (2013). 2013 ACCF/AHA Guideline for the Management of Heart Failure: A report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task force on Practice Guidelines. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 62(16):e147–e239.

Yancy, C.W., Jessup, M., Bozkurt, B. (2016). 2016 ACC/AHA/HFSA Focused Update on New Pharmacological Therapy for Heart Failure: An Update of the 2013 ACCF/AHA Guideline for the Management of Heart Failure. Data Supplement Retrieved Feb. 13, 2018, from: http://jaccjacc.acc.org/Clinical_Document/2016_Heart_Failure_Focused_Update_Data_Supplement_New_Therapy_Only_S5.pdf

Yancy, C.W., Jessup, M., Bozkurt, B., et al. (2017). 2017 ACC/AHA/HFSA focused update of the 2013 ACCF/AHA guideline for the management of heart failure: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines and the Heart Failure Society of America. Circulation. 137(7). Retrieved Feb. 13, 2018, from: https://doi.org/10.1161/CIR.0000000000000509

Heart Murmurs

ALLHAT (2002). Major outcomes in high-risk hypertensive patients randomized to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or calcium channel blocker vs diuretic: The antihypertensive and lipid-lowering treatment to prevent heart attack trial. JAMA, 288(23), 2981-2997.

American Heart Association (2017). Medications for Arrhythmia. Retrieved Feb. 2, 2018, from: http://www.heart.org/HEARTORG/Conditions/Arrhythmia/PreventionTreatmentofArrhythmia/Medications-for-Arrhythmia_UCM_301990_Article.jsp

American Heart Association (2017). The Impact of Congenital Heart Defects. Retrieved Feb. 2, 2018, from: http://www.heart.org/HEARTORG/Conditions/CongenitalHeartDefects/TheImpactofCongenitalHeartDefects/The-Impact-of-Congenital-Heart-Defects_UCM_001218_Article.jsp

Bauchner, H. (2009). Preventing rheumatic fever: A new guideline from the AHA. Circulation, 119, 1541. Retrieved Feb. 2, 2018, from: http://www.jwatch.org/pa200904010000001/2009/04/01/preventing-rheumatic-fever-new-guideline-aha

Bickley, L.S., & Szilagyi, P.G. (2013). Bates’ Guide to Physical Examination and History Taking. 11th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

Bonow, R. O., Carabello, B. A., Chatterjee, K., de Leon, A. C., Jr., Faxon, D. P., Freed, M. D., Shanewise, J. S., et al. (2008). 2008 Focused Update Incorporated Into the ACC/AHA 2006 Guidelines for the Management of Patients with Valvular Heart Disease. A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. Circulation, 118(15), e523-661.

Burns, C.E., Brady, M.A., Blosser, C., Starr, N.B., & Dunn, A.M. (2016). Pediatric Primary Care: A Handbook for Nurse Practitioners. 6th edition. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2016). Facts about Atrioventricular Septal Defect (AVSD). Division of birth defects and developmental disabilities. Retrieved Feb. 2, 2018, from: http://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/heartdefects/avsd.html

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2016). Facts about Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome. Division of birth defects and developmental disabilities. Retrieved Feb. 2, 2018, from: http://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/heartdefects/HLHS.html

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2013). Kawasaki syndrome. Retrieved Feb. 2, 2018, from: http://www.cdc.gov/kawasaki/

Domino, F., Baldor, R., Golding, J., Grimes, J., & Taylor, J. (2018). The 5-Minute Clinical Consult 2018. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

Eighth Joint National Committee. (2014). JNC 8 Guidelines for the Management of Hypertension in Adults. Am Fam Physician, 1;90 (7):503-504.

Ernst, D., & Lee, A. (2018). Monthly Prescribing Reference for Nurse Practitioners. New York: Haymarket Media Publication.

Ferri, F. (2018). Ferri's 2018 Clinical Advisor. Philadelphia: Mosby Elsevier.

Food and Drug Administration (2014). FDA drug safety communication: FDA clarifies warning about pediatric use of Revatio (sildenafil) for pulmonary arterial hypertension. FDA Drug Safety Communication. Retrieved Feb. 2, 2018, from: http://www.fda.gov/Drugs/DrugSafety/ucm390876.htm

Fuster, V., Ryden, L. E., Cannom, D. S., Crijns, H. J., Curtis, A. B., Ellenbogen, K. A., Zamorano, J. L., et al. (2006). ACC/AHA/ESC 2006 Guidelines for the Management of Patients with Atrial Fibrillation—Executive Summary. A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines and the European Society of Cardiology Committee for Practice Guidelines. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 48(4), 854-906.

Geggel, R. Approach to the infant or child with a cardiac murmur. Retrieved Feb. 2, 2018, from https://www.uptodate.com/contents/approach-to-the-infant-or-child-with-a-cardiac-murmur

Gersh, B. Physiologic and pharmacologic maneuvers in the differential diagnosis of heart murmurs and sounds. Retrieved Feb. 2, 2018, from http://www.uptodate.com/contents/physiologic-and-pharmacologic-maneuvers-in-the-differential-diagnosis-of-heart-murmurs-and-sounds

Gersh, B., & Chatterjee, K. Auscultation of cardiac murmurs in adults. Retrieved Feb. 2, 2018, from http://www.uptodate.com/contents/auscultation-of-cardiac-murmurs-in-adults

Go, A. S., Mozaffarian, D., Roger, V. L., Benjamin, E. J., Berry, J.D., Blaha., M. J., Dai, S., & Ford, E. S., et al. (2014). Heart disease and stroke statistics-2014 update: a report from the American Heart Association. Circulation, 129(3):e28-e292. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.cir.0000441139.02102.80

Habib G, Lancellotti G, Antunes MJ, et al. (2015). 2015 ESC Guidelines for the management of infective endocarditis: The Task Force for the Management of Infective Endocarditis of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Eur Heart J 36 (44): 3075-3128. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehv319.

Ponikowski P, Voors AA, Anker SD, et al. (2016). 2016 ESC guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: The Task Force for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Acute and Chronic Heart Failure of the European Society of Cardiology. Developed with the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association. Eur Heart J, 37(27):2129-2200.

Mancia G, Fagard R, Narkiewicz, et al. (2013). 2013 ESH/ESC Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension: The Task Force for the Management of Arterial Hypertension of the European Society of Hypertension and of the European Society of Cardiology. J Hypertens. 2013; 31(7):1281-1357.

Mayo Clinic Staff. Heart murmurs. Retrieved Feb. 2, 2018, from: http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/heart-murmurs/basics/prevention/con-20028706

McCrindle, B.W., Rowley, A.H., Newburger, J.W., et al; American Heart Association Rheumatic Fever, Endocarditis, and Kawasaki Disease Committee of the Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young; Council on Cardiovascular and Stroke Nursing; Council on Cardiovascular Surgery and Anesthesia; and Council on Epidemiology and Prevention. (2017). Diagnosis, Treatment, and Long-Term Management of Kawasaki Disease: A Scientific Statement for Health Professionals from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 135(17):e927-e999. doi: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000000484.

Scheinfeld, N.S., Jones, E. L., Ogershok, P. R., & Parrillo, S. J. (2014). Kawasaki Disease Treatment and Management. Medscape. Retrieved Feb. 2, 2018, from: http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/965367-overview

Wilson, W., Taubert, K. A., Gewitz, M., Lockhart, P. B., Baddour, L. M., Levison, M., Durack, D. T., et al. (2007). Prevention of infective endocarditis: Guidelines from the american heart association: A guideline from the American Heart Association Rheumatic Fever, Endocarditis, and Kawasaki Disease Committee, Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young, and the Council on Clinical Cardiology, Council on Cardiovascular Surgery and Anesthesia, and the Quality of Care and Outcomes Research Interdisciplinary Working Group. Circulation, 116(15), 1736-1754.

Windle, M. (2016). Antibiotic Prophylactic Regimens for Endocarditis. Medscape. Retrieved Feb. 2, 2018, from: http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1672902-overview#a30

Hyperlipidemia

American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association. (2014.) ACC/AHA Release Updated Guideline on the Treatment of Blood Cholesterol to Reduce ASCVD Risk. Am Fam Physician, 90(4):260-265.

American Heart Association (2014). Medications for Arrhythmia. Retrieved Dec. 8, 2017, from: http://www.heart.org/HEARTORG/Conditions/Arrhythmia/PreventionTreatmentofArrhythmia/Medications-for-Arrhythmia_UCM_301990_Article.jsp

Burns, C.E., Brady, M.A., Blosser, C., Starr, N.B., & Dunn, A.M. (2016). Pediatric Primary Care: A Handbook for Nurse Practitioners (6th ed.). Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders.

Cada, D. J. (2017). Drug Facts and Comparisons. St. Louis, MO, Wolters Kluwer Health.

Domino, F., Baldor, R., Golding, J., Grimes, J., & Taylor, J. (2017). The 5-Minute Clinical Consult 2017. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

Ernst, D., & Lee, A. (2017). Nurse Practitioners Prescribing Reference. New York: Haymarket Media Publication.

Ferri, F. (2017). Ferri's 2018 Clinical Advisor. Philadelphia: Mosby Elsevier.

Khera, A. et al. (2016). Diagnostic yield and clinical utility of sequencing familial hypercholesterolemia genes in patients with severe hypercholesterolemia. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 67 (22) 2578-2589.

Lenahan, C.M. & Harrigtoon, D. (2016). PCSK9 Inhibitors for Familial Hypercholesterolemia. The Nurse Practitioner Journal, 12(8); 577-578.

Nissen, S.E., Dent-Acosta, R.E., Rosenson, R.S., et al. (2016.) Comparison of PCSK9 inhibitor evolocumab versus ezetimibe in statin-intolerant patients: design of the Goal Achievement After Utilizing an Anti-PCSK9 Antibody in Statin-intolerant Subjects 3 (GAUSS-3) trial. Clinical Cardiology, 39(3):137-144.

Rubenfire, M. & Lloyd-Jones, D. (2016). Expert Consensus on Role of Non-Statin Therapies for LDL-C Lowering for Management of ASCVD Risk. American College of Cardiology. Retrieved Dec. 8, 2017, from http://www.acc.org/latest-in-cardiology/ten-points-to-remember/2016/03/30/11/58/2016-acc-expert-consensus-decision-pathway-on-the-role-of-nonstatin.

Stone, N.J., Robinson, J., Lichtenstein, A.H., et al. (2013). 2013 ACC/AHA Guideline on the Treatment of Blood Cholesterol to Reduce Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Risk in Adults: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. Circulation. Retrieved Jan. 19, 2018, from: http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/circulationaha/early/2013/11/11/01.cir.0000437738.63853.7a.full.pdf

Hypertension

ALLHAT Officers and Coordinators for the ALLHAT Research Group. (2002). Major outcomes in high-risk hypertensive patients randomized to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or calcium channel blocker vs diuretic: The antihypertensive and lipid-lowering treatment to prevent heart attack trial. JAMA, 288(23), 2981-2997.

American Heart Association (2017). Medications for Arrhythmia. Retrieved Feb. 13, 2018, from: http://www.heart.org/HEARTORG/Conditions/Arrhythmia/PreventionTreatmentofArrhythmia/Medications-for-Arrhythmia_UCM_301990_Article.jsp#.WoMHnJPwaMI

Bickley, L.S., & Szilagyi, P.G. (2016). Bates' Guide to Physical Examination and History Taking (12th ed). Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

Bonow, R. O., Carabello, B. A., Chatterjee, K., de Leon, A. C., Jr., Faxon, D. P., Freed, M. D., Shanewise, J. S., et al. (2008). A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association task force on practice guidelines. Circulation, 118(15), e523-661.

Burns, C.E., Brady, M.A., Blosser, C., Starr, N.B., & Dunn, A.M. (2016). Pediatric Primary Care: A Handbook for Nurse Practitioners (6th ed.). Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders.

Cada, D. J. (2018). Drug Facts and Comparisons 2018. St. Louis, MO, Wolters Kluwer Health.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2016). Facts about Atrioventricular Septal Defect (AVSD). Retrieved Feb. 13, 2018, from: https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/heartdefects/atrialseptaldefect.html

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2016). Facts about Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome. Retrieved Feb. 13, 2018, from http://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/heartdefects/HLHS.html

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2016). Kawasaki Disease. Retrieved Feb. 13, 2018, from: http://www.cdc.gov/kawasaki/

Chobanian, A. V., Bakris, G. L., Black, H. R., Cushman, W. C., Green, L. A., Izzo, J. L., Jr., Roccella, E. J., et al. (2003). The seventh report of the joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure: The JNC 7 report. JAMA, 289(19), 2560-2572.

Fedder, D. O., Koro, C. E., & L'Italien, G. J. (2002). New National Cholesterol Education Program III Guidelines for Primary Prevention Lipid-Lowering Drug Therapy: Projected impact on the size, sex, and age distribution of the treatment-eligible population. Circulation, 105(2), 152-156.

Ferri, F. (2018). Ferri's Clinical Advisor. Philadelphia: Mosby Elsevier.

Food and Drug Administration (2014). FDA drug safety communication: FDA clarifies warning about pediatric use of Revatio (sildenafil) for pulmonary arterial hypertension. FDA Drug Safety Communication. Retrieved Feb. 13, 2018, from: http://www.fda.gov/Drugs/DrugSafety/ucm390876.htm

Fuster, V., Ryden, L. E., Cannom, D. S., Crijns, H. J., Curtis, A. B., Ellenbogen, K. A., Zamorano, J. L., et al. (2006). A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines and the European Society of Cardiology Committee for Practice Guidelines. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 48(4), 854-906.

Gibbons, R. J., Abrams, J., Chatterjee, K., Daley, J., Deedwania, P. C., Douglas, J. S., Williams, S. V., et al. (2003). A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Committee on the Management of Patients with Chronic Stable Angina). Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 41(1), 159-168.

Hunt, S. A., Abraham, W. T., Chin, M. H., Feldman, A. M., Francis, G. S., Ganiats, T. G., Yancy, C. W., et al. (2009). A report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines: Developed in Collaboration with The International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation. Circulation, 119(14), e391-479.

James PA, Ortiz E, et al. 2014 evidence-based guideline for the management of high blood pressure in adults: (JNC8). JAMA. 2014 Feb 5;311(5):507-20

Mancia, G., De Backer, G., Dominiczak, A., Cifkova, R., Fagard, R., Germano, G., Zanchetti, A., et al. (2007). 2007 ESH-ESC Practice Guidelines for the Management of Arterial Hypertension: ESH-ESC Task Force on the Management of Arterial Hypertension. Journal of Hypertension, 25(9), 1751-1762.

Whelton, P.K., Carey, R.M., Aronow, W.S., Casey, D.E. Jr, Collins, K.J., Dennison Himmelfarb, C., et al. (2017). 2017 ACC/AHA/AAPA/ABC/ACPM/AGS/APhA/ASH/ASPC/NMA/PCNA Guideline for the Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Management of High Blood Pressure in Adults: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. https://doi.org/10.1161/HYP.0000000000000065

Wilson, W., Taubert, K. A., Gewitz, M., Lockhart, P. B., Baddour, L. M., Levison, M., Durack, D. T., et al. (2007). Prevention of Infective Endocarditis: Guidelines from the American Heart Association: A Guideline from the American Heart Association Rheumatic Fever, Endocarditis, and Kawasaki Disease Committee, Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young, and the Council on Clinical Cardiology, Council on Cardiovascular Surgery and Anesthesia, and the Quality of Care and Outcomes Research Interdisciplinary Working Group. Circulation, 116(15), 1736-1754.

Zhang, Y., Moran, A.E. (2017). Trends in the Prevalence, Awareness, Treatment, and Control of Hypertension Among Young Adults in the United States, 1999 to 2014. Hypertension. https://doi.org/10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.117.09801

Kawasaki Syndrome

2012 ACCF/AHA/ACP/AATS/PCNA/SCAI/STS Guideline for the Diagnosis and Management of Patients with Stable Ischemic Heart Disease. (2012). Journal of the American College of Cardiology. Retrieved Feb. 2, 2018, from: http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/126/25/e354

2014 AHA/ACC guideline for the management of patients with valvular heart disease: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. (2014). Retrieved Feb. 2, 2018, from: https://guideline.gov/summaries/summary/48267

American Heart Association (2016). Medications for Arrhythmia. Retrieved Feb. 2, 2018, from: http://www.heart.org/HEARTORG/Conditions/Arrhythmia/PreventionTreatmentofArrhythmia/Medications-for-Arrhythmia_UCM_301990_Article.jsp

Bickley, L.S., & Szilagyi, P.G. (2017). Bates’ Guide to Physical Examination and History Taking. 12th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

Bonow, R. O., Carabello, B. A., Chatterjee, K., de Leon, A. C., Jr., Faxon, D. P., Freed, M. D., Shanewise, J. S., et al. (2008). 2008 Focused Update Incorporated Into the ACC/AHA 2006 Guidelines for the Management of Patients with Valvular Heart Disease. A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. Circulation, 118(15), e523-661.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2013). Kawasaki syndrome. Retrieved Feb. 2, 2018, from: http://www.cdc.gov/kawasaki/

Chubb, H., & Simpson, J. M. (2012). The use of Z-scores in paediatric cardiology. Ann Pediatr Cardiol. 2012;5(2):179-184. Retrieved Feb. 2, 2018, from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3487208/

Domino, F., Baldor, R., Golding, J., Grimes, J., & Taylor, J. (2018). The 5-Minute Clinical Consult 2018. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

Food and Drug Administration (2014). FDA drug safety communication: FDA clarifies warning about pediatric use of Revatio (sildenafil) for pulmonary arterial hypertension. FDA Drug Safety Communication. Retrieved Feb. 2, 2018, from: http://www.fda.gov/Drugs/DrugSafety/ucm390876.htm

Frank, E., Jacobe, K. (2011). Evaluation and Management of Heart Murmurs in Children. American Family Physician, 84(7), 793-800.

Mayo Clinic Staff. (2012). Heart murmurs. Retrieved Feb. 2, 2018, from: http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/heart-murmurs/basics/prevention/con-20028706

McCrindle, B. W., Rowley, A. H., Newburger, J. W. (2017). Diagnosis, Treatment, and Long-Term Management of Kawasaki Disease: A Scientific Statement for Health Professionals from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2017;135:e927-e999. Retrieved Feb. 2, 2018, from: http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/135/17/e927.long#T3

Medications and Pregnancy. (2016). American Pregnancy Association. Retrieved Feb. 2, 2018, from: http://americanpregnancy.org/medication/medication-and-pregnancy/

National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (2012). What Causes Heart Murmurs? NHLBI, NIH. Retrieved Feb. 2, 2018, from: https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/node/4390

Newburger, J. W., Takahashi, M., Gerber, M. A., Gewitz, M. H., Tani, L. Y., Burns, J. C., Taubert, K. A., et al. (2004). Diagnosis, Treatment, and Long-Term Management of Kawasaki Disease: A Statement for Health Professionals from the Committee on Rheumatic Fever, Endocarditis, and Kawasaki Disease, Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young, American Heart Association. Pediatrics, 114(6), 1708-1733.

Ren, X., & Cannistra, L. B. (2014). Pulmonic Stenosis Clinical Presentation. Medscape. Retrieved Feb. 2, 2018, from: http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/157737-clinical

Rodriguez-Cruz, E., Aggarwal, S., Delius, R. E., (2015). Pulmonary Atresia with Ventricular Septal Defect. Medscape. Retrieved Feb. 2, 2018, from: http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/905119-overview#a0112

Scheinfeld, N. (2017). Kawasaki Disease. Retrieved Feb. 2, 2018, from: http://emedicine.staging.medscape.com/article/965367-overview

Scheinfeld, N. (2017). Kawasaki Disease Guidelines. Retrieved Feb. 2, 2018, from: http://emedicine.staging.medscape.com/article/965367-guidelines

Sundel, R. (2017). Kawasaki disease: Initial treatment and prognosis. UpToDate. Retrieved Feb. 2, 2018, from: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/kawasaki-disease-initial-treatment-and-prognosis

Windle, M. (2013). Antibiotic Prophylactic Regimens for Endocarditis. Medscape. Retrieved Feb. 2, 2018, from: http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1672902-overview#a30

Peripheral Arterial Disease

Aboyans, V., Ricco, J.B., Bartelink, M.L., et al. (2017). 2017 ESC Guidelines on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Peripheral Arterial Diseases, in collaboration with the European Society for Vascular Surgery (ESVS): Document covering atherosclerotic disease of extracranial carotid and vertebral, mesenteric, renal, upper and lower extremity arteries. European Heart Journal. Retrieved Jan. 8, 2017, from: https://academic.oup.com/eurheartj/advance-article/doi/10.1093/eurheartj/ehx095/4095038

Eidt, J.F. (2017). Patient education: Peripheral artery disease and claudication (Beyond the Basics). UpToDate. Retrieved Jan. 7, 2018, from: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/peripheral-artery-disease-and-claudication-beyond-the-basics

Gerhard-Herman, M, Gornik, H., Barrett, C., Barshes, N., Corriere, M., Drachman, D, et al. (2016). 2016 AHA/ACC Guideline on the Management of Patients with Lower Extremity Peripheral Artery Disease: Executive Summary Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 69(11): 1465-1508. Retrieved Jan. 7, 2018, from: http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/135/12/e726

Rheumatic Fever

American Heart Association (2017). Medications for Arrhythmia. Retrieved Feb. 5, 2018, from: http://www.heart.org/HEARTORG/Conditions/Arrhythmia/PreventionTreatmentofArrhythmia/Medications-for-Arrhythmia_UCM_301990_Article.jsp

American Heart Association (2017). The Impact of Congenital Heart Defects. Retrieved Feb. 5, 2018, from: http://www.heart.org/HEARTORG/Conditions/CongenitalHeartDefects/TheImpactofCongenitalHeartDefects/The-Impact-of-Congenital-Heart-Defects_UCM_001218_Article.jsp

Bauchner, H. (2009). Preventing rheumatic fever: A new guideline from the AHA. Circulation, 119, 1541. Retrieved Feb. 5, 2018, from: http://www.jwatch.org/pa200904010000001/2009/04/01/preventing-rheumatic-fever-new-guideline-aha

Benjamin, E.J., Blaha, M.J., Chiuve, S.E., et al. (2017). Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics--2017 Update: A Report from The American Heart Association. Circulation, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1161/CIR.0000000000000485

Bickley, L.S., & Szilagyi, P.G. (2016). Bates' Guide to Physical Examination and History Taking (12th ed.). Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

Bonow, R. O., Carabello, B. A., Chatterjee, K., de Leon, A. C., Jr., Faxon, D. P., Freed, M. D., Shanewise, J. S., et al. (2008). 2008 Focused Update Incorporated Into the ACC/AHA 2006 Guidelines for the Management of Patients with Valvular Heart Disease. A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. Circulation, 118(15), e523-661.

Burns, C.E., Brady, M.A., Blosser, C., Starr, N.B., & Dunn, A.M. (2016). Pediatric Primary Care: A Handbook for Nurse Practitioners (6th ed.). Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders.

Cada, D. J. (2017). Drug Facts and Comparisons. St. Louis, MO, Wolters Kluwer Health.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2016). Facts about Atrioventricular Septal Defect (AVSD). Division of birth defects and developmental disabilities. Retrieved Feb. 5, 2018, from: http://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/heartdefects/avsd.html

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2016). Facts about Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome. Division of birth defects and developmental disabilities. Retrieved Feb. 5, 2018, from: http://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/heartdefects/HLHS.html

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2013). Kawasaki syndrome. Retrieved Feb. 5, 2018, from: http://www.cdc.gov/kawasaki/

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2015). National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey: 2015 State and National Summary Tables. Retrieved Feb. 5, 2018, from: https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/ahcd/namcs_summary/2015_namcs_web_tables.pdf

Chobanian, A. V., Bakris, G. L., Black, H. R., Cushman, W. C., Green, L. A., Izzo, J. L., Jr., Roccella, E. J., et al. (2003). The seventh report of the joint national committee on prevention, detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood pressure: The JNC 7 report. JAMA, 289(19), 2560-2572.

Domino, F., Baldor, R., Golding, J., Grimes, J., & Taylor, J. (2017). 5-Minute Clinical Consult 2017. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

Ernst, D., & Lee, A. (2018). Nurse Practitioner Prescribing Reference. New York: Haymarket Media Publication.

Ferri, F. (2018). Ferri's Clinical Advisor 2018. Philadelphia: Mosby Elsevier.

Food and Drug Administration (2014). FDA drug safety communication: FDA clarifies warning about pediatric use of Revatio (sildenafil) for pulmonary arterial hypertension. FDA Drug Safety Communication. Retrieved Feb. 5, 2018, from: http://www.fda.gov/Drugs/DrugSafety/ucm390876.htm

Frank, E., & Jacobe, K. (2011). Evaluation and Management of Heart Murmurs in Children. American Family Physician, 84(7), 793-800.

Fuster, V., Ryden, L. E., Cannom, D. S., Crijns, H. J., Curtis, A. B., Ellenbogen, K. A., Zamorano, J. L., et al. (2006). A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines and The European Society of Cardiology Committee for Practice Guidelines. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 48(4), 854-906.

Gibbons, R. J., Abrams, J., Chatterjee, K., Daley, J., Deedwania, P. C., Douglas, J. S., Williams, S. V., et al. (2003). ACC/AHA 2002 guideline update for the management of patients with chronic stable angina--summary article: A Report of The American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Committee on The Management of Patients with Chronic Stable Angina). Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 41(1), 159-168.

Gibofsky, A., MD. (2017). Acute rheumatic fever: Clinical manifestations and diagnosis. Retrieved Feb. 5, 2018, from: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/acute-rheumatic-fever-clinical-manifestations-and-diagnosis

Gibofsky, A., MD. (2017). Acute rheumatic fever: Treatment and prevention. Retrieved Feb. 5, 2018, from: http://www.uptodate.com/contents/acute-rheumatic-fever-treatment-and-prevention

Hunt, S. A., Abraham, W. T., Chin, M. H., Feldman, A. M., Francis, G. S., Ganiats, T. G., Yancy, C. W., et al. (2009). 2009 Focused Update: ACCF/AHA Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Heart Failure in Adults. A Report of The American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines: Developed in collaboration with the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation. Circulation, 119(14), e391-479.

J. L. (2008). ESC Guidelines for The Diagnosis and Treatment of Acute and Chronic Heart Failure 2008: The Task Force for The Diagnosis and Treatment of Acute and Chronic Heart Failure 2008 Of the European Society of Cardiology. Developed in collaboration with the Heart Failure Association of the ESC (HFA) and endorsed by the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine (ESICM). European Heart Journal, 29(19), 2388-2442.

Mancia, G., De Backer, G., Dominiczak, A., Cifkova, R., Fagard, R., Germano, G., Zanchetti, A., et al. (2007). 2007 ESH-ESC Practice Guidelines for The Management of Arterial Hypertension: Esh-Esc Task Force on The Management of Arterial Hypertension. Journal of Hypertension, 25(9), 1751-1762.

Mayo Clinic Staff. Heart murmurs. Prevention. Retrieved Feb. 5, 2018, from: http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/heart-murmurs/basics/prevention/con-20028706

Medications and Pregnancy. American Pregnancy Association. Retrieved Feb. 5, 2018, from http://americanpregnancy.org/medication/medication-and-pregnancy/

Newburger, J. W., Takahashi, M., Gerber, M. A., Gewitz, M. H., Tani, L. Y., Burns, J. C., Taubert, K. A., et al. (2004). Diagnosis, Treatment, And Long-Term Management of Kawasaki Disease: A Statement for Health Professionals from The Committee on Rheumatic Fever, Endocarditis, And Kawasaki Disease, Council on Cardiovascular Disease in The Young, American Heart Association. Pediatrics, 114(6), 1708-1733.

Ren, X., & Cannistra, L. B. (2014). Pulmonic Stenosis Clinical Presentation. Medscape. Retrieved Feb. 5, 2018, from: https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/157737-clinical

Scheinfeld, N., Jones, E. L., Ogershok, P. R., & Parrillo, S. J. (2017). Kawasaki Disease. Medscape. Retrieved Feb. 5, 2018, from: http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/965367-overview

Steer, A., Gibofsky, A. Acute rheumatic fever: Clinical manifestations and diagnosis. UpToDate. Retrieved Feb. 5, 2018, from: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/acute-rheumatic-fever-clinical-manifestations-and-diagnosis

Watkins, D.A., Johnson, C.O., Colquhoun, S.M., et al. (2017). Global, Regional, and National Burden of Rheumatic Heart Disease, 1990–2015. New England Journal of Medicine. 2017; 377:713-722, DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1603693. Retrieved Feb. 5, 2018, from: http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1603693

Wilson, W., Taubert, K. A., Gewitz, M., Lockhart, P. B., Baddour, L. M., Levison, M., Durack, D. T., et al. (2007). Prevention of Infective Endocarditis: Guidelines from The American Heart Association: A Guideline from The American Heart Association Rheumatic Fever, Endocarditis, And Kawasaki Disease Committee, Council on Cardiovascular Disease in The Young, And the Council on Clinical Cardiology, Council on Cardiovascular Surgery and Anesthesia, And the Quality of Care and Outcomes Research Interdisciplinary Working Group. Circulation, 116(15), 1736-1754.

Windle, M. (2018). Antibiotic Prophylactic Regimens for Endocarditis. Medscape. Retrieved Feb. 5, 2018, from: http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1672902-overview#a30

Varicose Veins

Cole,G, Nabili, S. (2016). Varicose Veins and Spider Veins. MedicineNet.com retrieved June 19, 2017, from http://www.medicinenet.com/varicose_veins/article.htm

Deepak Sudheendra, M. (2014). Varicose vein stripping. U.S. National Library of Medicine. Retrieved June 19, 2017, from: https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002952.htm

Mayo Clinic. (1998-2015). Varicose Veins. Mayo Clinic. Retrieved June 19, 2017: http:/www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/varicose-veins/basics/treatment/con-20043474

Cardiovascular Disorders

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